Two interesting research projects

This week I came across two research projects that are touching upon the same questions that I am currently working with.

Two days ago I was so lucky that I was able to attend a talk by Ross Parry at the Department of Education here in Oxford. Parry is the program director for Museum Studies at the University of Leicester, and he has digital heritage as his main research field. Wednesday he talked about his new project called “Museums and make-believe. Reclaiming the illusory within heritage.” This project will continue his previous work about the relation between the museum and the computer. Museums have been quite sceptical about computers and digital media, and Parry argues that this is because computers seem to do the complete opposite of what museums do. Museums rely on the original, the authentic and the empirical evidence, while digital media and the internet often are associated with the copy, the manipulated and the fictional. Parry’s argument is that the features of the computer also have been important aspects of museum practice through the history. The authenticity museums rely on is not only created by facts. Imitation, immersion, illustration and irony has been as important argues Parry. This relation between factual historicity and imitation is something I am discussing in my thesis, but specificly related to the use of media texts. Media texts are both used as illustrative, immersive elements, but also as historical evidences and traces from the past (as objects are), and I see it as one of the museum's challenges to be able to balance the two. Maybe will Parry's study provide some helpful reflections on how museums historically and today are balancing between the factual and the illusionary.

The second project I was made aware of by a tweet from @formidlingsnet. Christian Hviid Mortensen has announced the start-up of his PhD project Radio as immaterial heritage in a museological context. You can read about it here, on formidlingsnet.dk, or on his newly started blog. One of his main focuses will be how to “display” radio recordings as objects in cultural history museums, because sound usually ends up as an aesthetic effect. This question is really close to what I am dealing with, and I look forward to follow his study. Media texts are getting more and more important for museums, both as sources and exhibition elements. Knowledge about how media texts produced outside the museum, should be treated in an exhibition is therefore very welcome.

Historical truthfulness and media installations in exhibitions

"It is absurd and illusory to imagine that we can view the past from any vantage point but the present, or to pretend that we can project ourselves back to the minds and bodies of participants in past events. All we can do is endeavour to be honest about our position in the present, and about the way our vision of the past relates to our vision for the future." Tessa Morris-Suzuki - Towards a Political Economy of Historical Truthfulness.

Morris-Suzuki writes beautifully about representations of the past in photographs, film, cartoons, textbooks and museums, and why they are important for our understanding of history, and why we should strive for historical truthfulness instead for historical truth.

"Historical truthfulness refers to the way we conduct our relationship with the past. It begins with attentiveness to the presence of the past: the recognition that we ourselves are shaped by the past, and that knowing the past therefore is essential to knowing ourselves and others, and indeed to knowing what it is to be human. (...) Historical truthfulness is an ongoing conversation through which, by engaging with the views of others in different social and spatial locations (across and within national boundaries) we shape and reshape our understanding of the past." Tessa Morris-Suzuki - Towards a Political Economy of Historical Truthfulness.

From the World War II installation at the Museum of London

Museums have a long history of being structured after strong linear narratives, with little room for contradicting worldviews. This way of displaying history, and museums tendency to mis- and underrepresentation of minorities, have the last three decades been strongly criticized. Historical truthfulness is therefore taken seriously by museums today, to make the museum a space for different versions of the past, and a space for discussions about the past. However, Morris-Suzuki also emphaize, that to use media texts like photographs, film, cartoons etc to build up our understanding of the past, we need to be aware of how media texts are used, reused, edited and recontextualized. Media texts, which already have had a life outside the museum, are more and more common in exhibitions. Both as museum objects, photographs are for example displayed beside an old dress in a vitrine, and as part of media installations. A media installation can for example be a touch screen where you can look at digitized photographs, drawings or documents, or a combination of film and sound recordings that have not been combined outside the museum.

From my analyses of media installations at the Churchill Museum and the Museum of London, I have noticed that these two museums do not reveal much information about where the digitized media texts (photographs, film and sound recordings, documents etc.) come from, or in which context they originally were used. The media texts that are displayed as objects in vitrines tend all to have labels. (This was especially apparent in Museum of London.) This shows that there is a different understanding of the role of media texts when they are displayed as objects and when they are part of an installation. The problem, as I see it, is that the installations often include fictional elements, it is therefore difficult to see which parts of the installation are created for the exhibition, and which did actually exist at the time the installation is trying to tell something about. Another problem is that media text are not neutral descriptions of the past, and it is both important, and just interesting, to know who made them, why they were made and how they were used.

Touch-screen installation at the Churchill Museum with photographs and other documents. Information about what the photographs show is given

An installation that is a combination of extracts of digitized old newspapers projected on a wall above a copy of a painting. There is no information about neither the newspapers or the painting.

The quotes from Tessa Morris-Suzuki are from the text you can find here, a speech based on her book The Past Within Us (2005).